Version: v2.1.0

eStargz

This document will help you experience how to use dragonfly with eStargz.

Prerequisites

Name	Version	Document
Kubernetes cluster	1.20+	kubernetes.io
Helm	3.8.0+	helm.sh
Containerd	v1.4.3+	containerd.io
Nerdctl	0.22+	containerd/nerdctl

Notice: Kind is recommended if no kubernetes cluster is available for testing.

Install dragonfly

For detailed installation documentation based on kubernetes cluster, please refer to quick-start-kubernetes.

Setup kubernetes cluster

Create kind multi-node cluster configuration file kind-config.yaml, configuration content is as follows:

kind: Cluster
apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
nodes:
  - role: control-plane
  - role: worker
    extraPortMappings:
      - containerPort: 30950
        hostPort: 65001
      - containerPort: 30951
        hostPort: 40901
  - role: worker

Create a kind multi-node cluster using the configuration file:

kind create cluster --config kind-config.yaml

Switch the context of kubectl to kind cluster:

kubectl config use-context kind-kind

Kind loads dragonfly image

Pull dragonfly latest images:

docker pull dragonflyoss/scheduler:latest
docker pull dragonflyoss/manager:latest
docker pull dragonflyoss/dfdaemon:latest

Kind cluster loads dragonfly latest images:

kind load docker-image dragonflyoss/scheduler:latest
kind load docker-image dragonflyoss/manager:latest
kind load docker-image dragonflyoss/dfdaemon:latest

Create dragonfly cluster based on helm charts

Create helm charts configuration file charts-config.yaml and enable prefetching, configuration content is as follows:

scheduler:
  replicas: 1
  metrics:
    enable: true
  config:
    verbose: true
    pprofPort: 18066

seedPeer:
  replicas: 1
  metrics:
    enable: true
  config:
    verbose: true
    pprofPort: 18066
    download:
      prefetch: true

dfdaemon:
  metrics:
    enable: true
  hostNetwork: true
  config:
    verbose: true
    pprofPort: 18066
    download:
      prefetch: true
    proxy:
      defaultFilter: 'Expires&Signature&ns'
      security:
        insecure: true
      tcpListen:
        listen: 0.0.0.0
        port: 65001
      registryMirror:
        dynamic: true
        url: https://index.docker.io
      proxies:
        - regx: blobs/sha256.*

manager:
  replicas: 1
  metrics:
    enable: true
  config:
    verbose: true
    pprofPort: 18066

Create a dragonfly cluster using the configuration file:

$ helm repo add dragonfly https://dragonflyoss.github.io/helm-charts/
$ helm install --wait --create-namespace --namespace dragonfly-system dragonfly dragonfly/dragonfly -f charts-config.yaml
NAME: dragonfly
LAST DEPLOYED: Wed Oct 19 04:23:22 2022
NAMESPACE: dragonfly-system
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
1. Get the scheduler address by running these commands:
  export SCHEDULER_POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace dragonfly-system -l "app=dragonfly,release=dragonfly,component=scheduler" -o jsonpath={.items[0].metadata.name})
  export SCHEDULER_CONTAINER_PORT=$(kubectl get pod --namespace dragonfly-system $SCHEDULER_POD_NAME -o jsonpath="{.spec.containers[0].ports[0].containerPort}")
  kubectl --namespace dragonfly-system port-forward $SCHEDULER_POD_NAME 8002:$SCHEDULER_CONTAINER_PORT
  echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:8002 to use your scheduler"

2. Get the dfdaemon port by running these commands:
  export DFDAEMON_POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace dragonfly-system -l "app=dragonfly,release=dragonfly,component=dfdaemon" -o jsonpath={.items[0].metadata.name})
  export DFDAEMON_CONTAINER_PORT=$(kubectl get pod --namespace dragonfly-system $DFDAEMON_POD_NAME -o jsonpath="{.spec.containers[0].ports[0].containerPort}")
  You can use $DFDAEMON_CONTAINER_PORT as a proxy port in Node.

3. Configure runtime to use dragonfly:
  https://d7y.io/docs/getting-started/quick-start/kubernetes/

Check that dragonfly is deployed successfully:

$ kubectl get po -n dragonfly-system
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS       AGE
dragonfly-dfdaemon-rhnr6             1/1     Running   4 (101s ago)   3m27s
dragonfly-dfdaemon-s6sv5             1/1     Running   5 (111s ago)   3m27s
dragonfly-manager-67f97d7986-8dgn8   1/1     Running   0              3m27s
dragonfly-mysql-0                    1/1     Running   0              3m27s
dragonfly-redis-master-0             1/1     Running   0              3m27s
dragonfly-redis-replicas-0           1/1     Running   1 (115s ago)   3m27s
dragonfly-redis-replicas-1           1/1     Running   0              95s
dragonfly-redis-replicas-2           1/1     Running   0              70s
dragonfly-scheduler-0                1/1     Running   0              3m27s
dragonfly-seed-peer-0                1/1     Running   2 (95s ago)    3m27s

Create peer service configuration file peer-service-config.yaml, configuration content is as follows:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: peer
  namespace: dragonfly-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - name: http-65001
      nodePort: 30950
      port: 65001
    - name: http-40901
      nodePort: 30951
      port: 40901
  selector:
    app: dragonfly
    component: dfdaemon
    release: dragonfly

Create a peer service using the configuration file:

kubectl apply -f peer-service-config.yaml

Install stargz for containerd

For detailed stargz installation documentation based on containerd environment, please refer to stargz-setup-for-containerd-environment. The example uses Systemd to manage the stargz-snapshotter service.

Install stargz tools

Download containerd-stargz-grpc binary, please refer to stargz-snapshotter/releases:

STARGZ_SNAPSHOTTER_VERSION=0.13.0
wget https://github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/releases/download/stargz-snapshotter-v$STARGZ_SNAPSHOTTER_VERSION-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -C /usr/local/bin -xvf stargz-snapshotter-v$STARGZ_SNAPSHOTTER_VERSION-linux-amd64.tar.gz containerd-stargz-grpc ctr-remote

Install stargz snapshotter plugin for containerd

Configure containerd to use the stargz-snapshotter plugin, please refer to configure-and-start-containerd.

Change configuration of containerd in /etc/containerd/config.toml:

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
  snapshotter = "stargz"
  disable_snapshot_annotations = false

[proxy_plugins]
  [proxy_plugins.stargz]
    type = "snapshot"
    address = "/run/containerd-stargz-grpc/containerd-stargz-grpc.sock"

Restart containerd service:

sudo systemctl restart containerd

Check that containerd uses the stargz-snapshotter plugin:

$ ctr -a /run/containerd/containerd.sock plugin ls | grep stargz
io.containerd.snapshotter.v1          stargz                    -              ok

Systemd starts stargz snapshotter service

For detailed configuration documentation based on stargz mirror mode, please refer to stargz-registry-mirrors.

127.0.0.1:65001 is the proxy address of dragonfly peer, and the X-Dragonfly-Registry header is the address of origin registry, which is provided for dragonfly to download the images.

Create stargz configuration file config.toml, configuration content is as follows:

[[resolver.host."docker.io".mirrors]]
  host = "127.0.0.1:65001"
  insecure = true
  [resolver.host."docker.io".mirrors.header]
    X-Dragonfly-Registry = ["https://index.docker.io"]

Copy configuration file to /etc/containerd-stargz-grpc/config.toml:

sudo mkdir /etc/containerd-stargz-grpc && cp config.toml /etc/containerd-stargz-grpc/config.toml

Download systemd configuration file stargz-snapshotter.service of stargz snapshotter, configuration content is as follows:

wget -O /etc/systemd/system/stargz-snapshotter.service https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/main/script/config/etc/systemd/system/stargz-snapshotter.service
systemctl enable --now stargz-snapshotter
systemctl restart containerd

Convert an image to stargz format

Convert python:3.9.15 image to stargz format, you can use the converted dragonflyoss/python:3.9.15-esgz image and skip this step.

docker login

Convert python:3.9.15 image to stargz format, and DOCKERHUB_REPO_NAME environment variable needs to be set to the user's image repository:

DOCKERHUB_REPO_NAME=dragonflyoss
sudo nerdctl pull python:3.9.15
sudo nerdctl image convert --estargz --oci python:3.9.15 $DOCKERHUB_REPO_NAME/python:3.9.15-esgz
sudo nerdctl image push $DOCKERHUB_REPO_NAME/python:3.9.15-esgz

Try stargz with nerdctl

Running python:3.9.15-esgz with nerdctl:

sudo nerdctl --snapshotter stargz run --rm -it $DOCKERHUB_REPO_NAME/python:3.9.15-esgz

Check that stargz is downloaded via dragonfly based on mirror mode:

$ journalctl -u stargz-snapshotter | grep 'prepared remote snapshot'
containerd-stargz-grpc[641210]: {"key":"default/102/extract-937057799-P18P sha256:3c17c21e4512b29e8cfc1c8621f91e4284ce2dcc5080a348c7ba4f47eaba6f11","level":"debug","msg":"prepared remote snapshot","parent":"sha256:4f9bea3e771997ae09192ddf4bd59c844444c671174835446759a82e457f1aed","remote-snapshot-prepared":"true","time":"2022-11-04T03:53:03.945119325Z"}

Performance testing

Test the performance of single-machine image download after the integration of stargz mirror mode and dragonfly P2P. Test running version commands using images in different languages. For example, the startup command used to run a python image is python -V. The tests were performed on the same machine. Due to the influence of the network environment of the machine itself, the actual download time is not important, but the ratio of the increase in the download time in different scenarios is very important.

stargz-mirror-dragonfly

OCIv1: Use containerd to pull image directly.
Stargz Cold Boot: Use containerd to pull image via stargz-snapshotter and doesn't hit any cache.
Stargz & Dragonfly Cold Boot: Use containerd to pull image via stargz-snapshotter. Transfer the traffic to dragonfly P2P based on stargz mirror mode and no cache hits.

Test results show stargz mirror mode and dragonfly P2P integration. Use the stargz download image to compare the OCIv1 mode, It can effectively reduce the image download time. The cold boot of stargz and stargz & dragonfly are basically close. The most important thing is that if a very large kubernetes cluster uses stargz to pull images. The download of each image layer will be generate as many range requests as needed. The QPS of the source of the registry is too high. Causes the QPS of the registry to be relatively high. Dragonfly can effectively reduce the number of requests and download traffic for back-to-source registry. In the best case, dragonfly can make the same task back-to-source download only once.

Prerequisites​

Install dragonfly​

Setup kubernetes cluster​

Kind loads dragonfly image​

Create dragonfly cluster based on helm charts​

Install stargz for containerd​

Install stargz tools​

Install stargz snapshotter plugin for containerd​

Systemd starts stargz snapshotter service​

Convert an image to stargz format​

Try stargz with nerdctl​

Performance testing​